DC Motor - The Smart Notes
Introduction to DC Motor
A **DC Motor (Direct Current Motor)** is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. It operates based on the principle of **electromagnetic induction**, where a magnetic field interacts with a current-carrying conductor to produce motion. DC motors are widely used in industrial automation, robotics, automotive applications, and home appliances due to their efficiency and speed control.
Types of DC Motors
- Brushed DC Motor: Uses brushes and a commutator for current direction, commonly found in low-cost applications.
- Brushless DC Motor (BLDC): More efficient, longer lifespan, and widely used in electric vehicles and drones.
- Shunt DC Motor: Has parallel field windings, providing a constant speed.
- Series DC Motor: Offers high torque but has speed variations.
- Compound DC Motor: A combination of shunt and series motors for balanced performance.
Working Principle of DC Motor
A DC motor works on **Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction**. When an electric current passes through the armature winding, it creates a magnetic field that interacts with the field magnet, generating torque that rotates the motor shaft. The direction of rotation follows **Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule**, where the interaction between the current, magnetic field, and force determines motion.
Applications of DC Motors
DC Motors are widely used in various industries and everyday devices:
- Electric Vehicles (EVs): Provides torque and efficient power transmission.
- Industrial Machinery: Used in conveyor belts, pumps, and fans.
- Robotics & Automation: Enables precise motor control in robotic arms.
- Home Appliances: Found in washing machines, mixers, and vacuum cleaners.
- Medical Equipment: Used in prosthetic limbs and ventilators.